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HTML head里的元素

#HTML#meta
发布于 大漠

这篇文章是一篇基础性的文章，昨天在Github上看到@Josh Buchea整理了一份有关于HTML中<head>里的标签元素，觉得还是蛮有意义的，今天将其复制到这里。

Elements

<title>Page Title</title>
<base href="https://example.com/page.html">
<style>
  body { color: red; }
</style>
<script src="script.js"></script>

Meta Element

<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="keywords" content="your,keywords,here,comma,separated,no,spaces">
<meta name="description" content="150 chars">
<meta name="subject" content="your website's subject">
<meta name="language" content="en">
<meta name="robots" content="index,follow">
<meta name="revised" content="Sunday, July 18th, 2010, 5:15 pm">
<meta name="abstract" content="">
<meta name="topic" content="">
<meta name="summary" content="">
<meta name="classification" content="business">
<meta name="author" content="name, email@example.com">
<meta name="designer" content="">
<meta name="reply-to" content="email@example.com">
<meta name="owner" content="">
<meta name="url" content="https://example.com/">
<meta name="identifier-URL" content="https://example.com/">
<meta name="directory" content="submission">
<meta name="category" content="">
<meta name="coverage" content="Worldwide">
<meta name="distribution" content="Global">
<meta name="rating" content="General">
<meta name="revisit-after" content="7 days">
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="300;url=https://example.com/">

<!-- Cache Control -->
<meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="x-dns-prefetch-control" content="on">

有关于meta标签或许还有其他的使用方式，因为很多同学都觉得meta能增强SEO的功能，另外想说的，有些特殊的产品都具备自己独有的meta标签 。而且有时候为了实现某些功能，都有自定义的一些meta标签。不过这些特有的标签只有在特定的环境下才有意思。

有关于meta更多资源

Link Element

<link rel="copyright" href="copyright.html">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://example.com/styles.css">
<link rel="alternate" href="https://feeds.feedburner.com/martini" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS">
<link rel="alternate" href="https://example.com/feed.atom" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom 0.3">
<link rel="alternate" href="https://es.example.com/" hreflang="es">
<link rel="me" href="https://google.com/profiles/thenextweb" type="text/html">
<link rel="archives" href="https://example.com/2003/05/" title="May 2003">
<link rel="index" href="https://example.com/" title="DeWitt Clinton">
<link rel="start" href="https://example.com/photos/pattern_recognition_1_about/" title="Pattern Recognition 1">
<link rel="prev" href="https://example.com/opensearch/opensearch-and-openid-a-sure-way-to-get-my-attention/" title="OpenSearch and OpenID? A sure way to get my attention.">
<link rel="search" href="/search.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Viatropos">
<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=3">
<link rel="first" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php">
<link rel="next" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=4">
<link rel="previous" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=2">
<link rel="last" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=147">
<link rel="shortlink" href="https://example.com/?p=43625">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/2010/06/9-things-to-do-before-entering-social-media.html">
<link rel="amphtml" href="https://www.example.com/url/to/amp-version.html">
<link rel="EditURI" href="https://example.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD">
<link rel="pingback" href="https://example.com/xmlrpc.php">
<link rel="webmention" href="https://example.com/webmention">
<link rel="manifest" href="manifest.json">
<link rel="author" href="humans.txt">

Favicons

<!-- For IE 10 and below -->  
<!-- No link, just place a file called favicon.ico in the root directory -->

<!-- For IE 11, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera -->  
<link rel="icon" href="path/to/favicon-16.png" sizes="16x16" type="image/png">
<link rel="icon" href="path/to/favicon-32.png" sizes="32x32" type="image/png">
<link rel="icon" href="path/to/favicon-48.png" sizes="48x48" type="image/png">
<link rel="icon" href="path/to/favicon-62.png" sizes="62x62" type="image/png">
<!-- More info: https://bitsofco.de/all-about-favicons-and-touch-icons/ -->

扩展阅读

Social

Facebook / Open Graph

<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.example.com/">
<meta property="og:title" content="Content Title">
<meta property="og:description" content="Description Here">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Site Name">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US">
<meta property="fb:app_id" content="Facebook numeric ID">
<meta property="fb:admins" content="Facebook numeric ID">
<!-- Facebook: https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters#markup -->
<!-- Open Graph: http://ogp.me/ -->

扩展阅读

Twitter

<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@publisher_handle">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@author_handle">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Content Title">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Content description less than 200 characters">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">
<!-- Twitter summary card with large image must be at least 280x150px -->
<!-- More info: https://dev.twitter.com/cards/getting-started -->
<!-- Validate: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/cards/validation/validator -->

扩展阅读

Google+ / Schema.org

<meta itemprop="name" content="Content Title">
<meta itemprop="description" content="Content description less than 200 characters">
<meta itemprop="image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">

Android

<meta name="theme-color" content="#E64545">

Apple iOS

<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="My App">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
<meta name="apple-touch-fullscreen" content="yes">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="startup.png">
<!-- More info: https://developer.apple.com/safari/library/documentation/appleapplications/reference/safarihtmlref/articles/metatags.html -->

扩展阅读

Internet Explorer

<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
<meta http-equiv="cleartype" content="on">
<meta name="skype_toolbar" content="skype_toolbar_parser_compatible">

<!-- Pinned Site -->
<!-- IE 10 / Windows 8 -->
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="pinned-tile-144.png">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#009900">
<!-- IE 11 / Windows 9.1 -->
<meta name="msapplication-config" content="ieconfig.xml">

Internet Explorer (LEGACY DO NOT USE)

<!-- Legacy Tags (DO NOT USE) -->
<meta name="mssmarttagspreventparsing" content="true">
<meta http-equiv="page-enter" content="revealtrans(duration=2,transition=2)">
<meta http-equiv="page-exit" content="revealtrans(duration=3,transition=12)">

Safari 9: Pinned tabs in El Capitan

<link rel="mask-icon" href="icon.svg" color="red">

总结

或许上面有很多标签(<link>、meta)的类型你从未见，甚至都不知道这些标签的意义何在，更何况是如何使用了。其实这些并不复杂，也没有太多的技术含量在里面，而且这些标签具体的意思是什么很容易的找到。就算你不清楚，下面两篇文章能帮你找到其中标签的含意，这里就不做过多的介绍，感兴趣的同学可以阅读下面两篇文章。

特别声明:本文涉及的所有代码来自于@Josh Buchea整理了一份有关于HTML中<head>里的标签元素一文。

大漠

常用昵称“大漠”，W3CPlus创始人，目前就职于手淘。中国Drupal社区核心成员之一。对HTML5、CSS3和Sass等前端脚本语言有非常深入的认识和丰富的实践经验，尤其专注对CSS3的研究，是国内最早研究和使用CSS3技术的一批人。CSS3、Sass和Drupal中国布道者。2014年出版《图解CSS3：核心技术与案例实战》。

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